Pharmacodynamic of drug
Pharmacodynamic: It is a branch of pharmacology that deals with the mechanism of action and pharmacological effects of a drug. Four targets of drug action (target proteins): Types Membrane receptor: cholinergic receptors Cytoplasmic receptor: steroid receptors Nuclear receptor: thyroid receptors Active receptor: adrenoceptors (1-2%) Silent receptor: plasma protein Spare receptor: (98%) Receptor mediated mechanism:…
Drug excretion
Drug excretion: Removal of drugs from the body. Routes: Major: Minor: Renal mechanism of excretion 1. Glomerular filtration _ depends on GFR, plasma 2. Renal tubular secretion_ transfer drugs from plasma to tubular fluid through active transport by 2 systems, Organic acid transport (penicillin, probenecid), Organic base transport (thiazides, furosemide) Probenecid is secreted into tubule…
Distribution of Drug: How It Makes or Breaks Drug Effectiveness
Distribution of Drug – A Complete Pharmacokinetic Guide Distribution Drug distribution is the process by which a drug reversibly leaves the blood stream and enters into the interstitium and /or the cell of the tissues. Drugs are distributed in certain body compartments Factors affecting distribution water soluble can’t cross the cell membrane , so remains…
Absorption of Drug: 7 Key Factors That Boost or Block Effectiveness
7 Major Factors Affecting Absorption of Drug Absorption: The process of transfer of drug from site of administration to the circulation. Key points Process of absorption Passive/Simple transport Definition: Drug moves from higher to lower concentration Criteria: Example Active transport Definition: Drugs move from lower to higher concentration with the help of carrier &…
ROUTES OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION
ROUTES OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION A) SYSTEMIC ROUTE 1) Enteral: 2) Parenteral: B) LOCAL/TOPICAL: Advantages of oral route: Limitations of oral route: * (not in emergency condition) Advantages of sublingual route: Disadvantages of sublingual route: Advantages of inhalational route: Disadvantages of inhalational route: Advantages of rectal route: Disadvantages of rectal route: Advantages of…
10 must know fact About Breast cancer pathophysiology and Investigation – From Life-Saving Knowledge to Dangerous Misses
Breast Cancer Pathophysiology and Investigation of Breast Disease: Introduction:Patients with breast problems make up 15–20% of new referrals to general surgical outpatient clinics. Virtually every woman with a breast lump, breast pain, or discharge from the nipple fears that she has cancer.The anxiety that results is made up of three components: Previously, this often prevented…
Introduction Of Pharmacology
Topic: Introduction of Pharmacology Pharmacon means drugs Logos means studies Pharmacology is the study of drugs that deals with absorption, distribution, biotransformation, excretion, mechanism of action and pharmacological effects of drugs. Branches of Pharmacology Two main branches: Others: Pharmacokinetics Pharmacodynamics Introduction of pharmacology continues: Drug(WHO definition) Any substance or product that is used or…
8 Powerful Facts About Human Herpesviruses: Complete Guide with Diagnosis & Prevention
Ultimate Guide: Classification, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Human Herpesviruses General Properties Human Herpesviruses Structure of Herpesvirus Virion Herpesvirus Classification and Characteristics HSV-1 / HHV-1 Mucoepithelial cells Respiratory secretions, saliva Gingivostomatitis, herpes labialis, keratoconjunctivitis, encephalitis Trigeminal ganglia HSV-2 / HHV-2 Mucoepithelial cells Sexual contact, perinatal infection Genital herpes, neonatal herpes, aseptic meningitis Lumbar…
Chickenpox and Shingles: 7 Essential Facts You Must Know About VZV Infection
Chickenpox and Shingles: 7 Essential Facts You Must Know About VZV Infection A Simple and Clear Guide to Chickenpox and Shingles for Everyone Focus Keyword: Chickenpox and Shingles Overview Chickenpox and Shingles are caused by the same virus: Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV), also known as Human Herpesvirus 3 (HHV-3). How Chickenpox Spreads Symptoms of Chickenpox Stages…
Hernia Symptoms and Treatment:The Ultimate Comprehensive 7-Part Guide to Types, Causes, Surgery, and Prevention
Hernia Symptoms and Treatment: A Complete Guide to Types, Causes, Surgery, and Prevention Hernia: Complete Guide Hernia: A Complete and Comprehensive Guide Definition of Hernia A hernia is the abnormal protrusion of an organ or tissue through a weakened area in the muscle or connective tissue that normally contains it. It typically appears as a…